Apparatus for breaking billets or like material



E. c. sToLBERG 2,301,473

APPARATUS FOR BREAKING BILLETS OR LIKE MATERIAL Filed May 2, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 SW NHL j PM @LVMMIMNL A L f/rll f ww Nov. 1o, 1942.

IW NNI mlLll Nov. l0, 1942. E. c. sToLBERG APPARATUS FOR, BREAKING BILLETS OR LIKE MATERIAL Filed May 2, 1941 4 Sheets-Shaml 2 Nov. 10, 1942.

E. C. STOLBERG APPARATUS FOR BREAKlNG BILLETS OR LIKE MATERIAL Filed May 2.' 1941 4 sheefs-sneet :5

-L/ INVENTOR fargli? @Sia/eig ATTORNEY Nov.

E. C. STOLBERG A-PPARATUS FOR BREAKlNG BILLETS OR LIKE MATERIAL.

Filed Mayv 2, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 10, i942 APPARATUS Emil C.

FOR BREAKING BILLETS OR LIKE MATERIAL Stolberg, Glen Ridge, N. J., assigner to American Car and Foundry Company, New Yo-rk, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application May 2, 1941, Serial No. 391,554

7 Claims.

yThisy invention relates. in general to apparatus for applying tremendous pressures and in particular to such apparatus designed to break billets or other material.

In the past machines for applying tremendous pressure have been designed, thus necessitating extremely heavy machines. Very often after a machine has been purchased emergencies will arise wherein added pressure capacity is needed but in attempting to increase'the pressure capacity it has been necessary to reinforce the frames of4 the machine andincrease the power output of the prime mover. It is an object, therefore, of the present invention to provide an apparatus which can be readily attached to existing machines and increase their capacity many fold without in any way stressing the frame o-r the prime mover beyond the capacities for which they were designed.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a self-contained leverage mechanism by means of which the power of a bulldozer, press or other machine may be increased.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a leverage system for power applying machinery such as presses, bulldozers, etc., and in which the reaction forces of the leverage are absorbed Within the apparatus and not transferred to the machine and frame.

Yet another object of the invention is the provision of a pressure applying tool slidably carried by the -back stop and self-retractable away from the material which is being pressed or broken.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art from a study of the following description and accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side view of the machine, which in this case is a bulldozer, with part being in section and taken substantially on line I-I of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a plan View of the apparatus with the parts shown in final closed or pressure applying position;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 3-3` of Fig. 2 and showing in particular the manner of attachment between one of the levers and the machine cross-head;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 4-4 of Fig. 2 and showing in'particular the anchorage for one of the levers;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially online 5 5 of Fig. 2 and showing in particular the self-retractable sliding pressure applying tool carried by the back stop element;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on line B-G of Fig. 2 and showing the anchorage -of the other lever on the back stop; Fig. '7 is a sectional view taken substantially' on line 'I-1 of Fig. 2, While Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken substantiallyjon line 8-8 of Fig. 2 and disclosing the' work'supporting portion of the back stop. Y

Referring now to the drawings in detail, and in particular to Figure l, it will be seen that the power machine here illustrated is a bulldozer and consists of a bed plate or frame 2, upon which is mounted an axle II driven by any suitable power applying means (not shown). The axle has keyed thereto a fly-wheel E carrying a crank pin 8 which, through pitmanor'connecting rod I0, is connected to pin I2 on cross-head I4. The cross-head I4 is slidable relative to the machine frame and has its front face provided with slots for reception of bolts I6 in order that suitable tools o1' equipment may be fastened to the crosshead. Normally, the pressure applied to the material by the cross-head is absorbed by back stop means bolted or otherwise secured to the horns I8 which are integral with the vmachine frame and of suicient strength as to absorb the entire power input of the machine. Insofar as the preceding description isyconcerned a conventional bulldozer has been described and it will be seen that if power beyond the machine capacity were applied through the crank shaft to the crossliead, then there would be the liability of failure of the' moving mechanism or of the horns.

In order to increase the power of the machine without in any way stressing the frame or machinery beyond its designed limits a leverage mechanism, as clearly shown in Fig. 2 and the various sectional views, has been provided. This mechanism consists in general of a back stop portion A, levers B and pressure applying tool C. The back stop portion is of general channel form, having a back or pressure receiving portion 2B secured by bolts 22 to the horns of the machine frame. From this back portion upper and lower flanges 24 and 26, respectively, extend forwardly toward the cross-head as more clearly shown in Fig. 4 and have formed therein openings for the reception of anchor bolts or pins 28 and 30 as shown in Fig. 2. As more clearly shown in Figs. 2, 6 and 8, the back portion of the back stop is formed with spaced pressure receiving portions or ribs 32 joined together by a curved portion providing clearance for the material which is to be broken as a beam supported at its ends. In order to assist passage of the extremely heavy material through the machine rollers 34 are mounted on the lower flange of the'back stop member and these rollers will not only assist in transfer of the material through the machine, but will actas supports for the short material when broken.

As clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the pressure applying or breaking tool C`, is formed with a `substantially plane back surface 36 Aand a projecting V-shaped nose 38. In order to receive this breaking tool or pressure applying member portions of the upper and lower iianges 24 and 26 of the back stop member are removed and'ears formed on the breaking tool extend through these openings and have attached thereto bolts or other means 42. These bolts or other means extend through angular brackets "44 carrie'd on the back stop flanges and form a seat for onelend of compression spring 46, theother end of` which bears against a Washer heldlin'placefb'ya'nutf48 carried on the bolt. In this 'manner the pressure applying or breaking tool is slidably carriedby the back stop member and isfretractable from the material through the action of the compression springs 46.

'In orderto apply pressure. to the pressure applying'or breaking .tool a'levera'ge system B is provided. This leverage lsystem consists of a palrof lever arms D joined together at one end by alhub 52, having v an 'opening therethrough for'rec'eption of pivotbolt or trunnion'28, previously .referred to. The hub portion of these levers is clearly shown in Fig. 4. The ends ofthe levers '50 opposite from the hub have an openin'g'therethrough to receive apivot bolt 54 extending through the'lev'ers'and throughy a connecting link 56 (Fig. 1) disposedbetween'the spaced lever arms. The opposite end of the short connecting link 56 is adapted to be received between' spaced jaws 58-and be mounted for pivotal motion on `aA pinA 60 carriedby the jaws, which in turn are bolted to the'cross-head of the machine by'bolts B2. 'The leverage system also includes a heavy 'lever lllipivoted'at one end on pin or trunnion 3l!v (Figs. 2 and 6) and extending across the apparatus between the spaced lever arms 5U. The remoteen'd of lever arm "lll has'an openin'gtherethrough to-'receive a pivot bolt 12 extending through yspaced connecting arms 14, the inner ends of which may'turn on a pivot 'bolt 16 extending through a tongue 18 vof a member bolted tothe machine cross-head'by boltsA The spaced levers 50' and the lever l0 are formed adjacent theirztrunnion end with'rounded noses 82 adapted to-bear upon the plane back 36 of the pressure applying or'breaking tool` carried by"the'back'stop element. It willbe seenthat application oi pressure to the outer' ends `ofthe levers'50 and 'ID' will cause the noses 82'to move the breakingu tool'toward thematerial'which is to be broken. It will 'also be seen that, since the distance between the respective lever trunnions and' the pointv of contact of the levers with the breaking tooll is-relatively short compared with the distance between the tru'nnion and the point of* pressure application by the cross-head, a vast increase in power'is obtained. Inthe present instance thedistance from the trunnions to the breaking tool sfapproximately one-third the 'distance from the'trunnion-to the point'of power application.

By analyzing"the forces actingfit will bel seen that' ifa force of valueF is applied by the crosshead thisvforce is applied to' the lever ends, thus each lever end Ywill receive va force vequivalentto F divided by'2 but, since the lever arms give a power multiplication of substantially 3 in the present instance, the pressure applied by the two levers to the breaking tool will be equivalent to one-half F multipliedv by 2 times 3 or 3 F. Such a force would, if directly applied to the'frame, break the same' but,"since the levers are anchored by "trunnions '28V and 30 to-thevback stop, a'por- 4tion of the force is absorbed and' transferred 'di .re'ctly through the'iianges: of the'backstopto' ,the

y'I4 will drag the' levers material supports. In the present instance the amount of transfer by each trunnionwill be onehalf F`times3 and the two trunnions' will, therefore, absorb one-half times 3 times 2 or 3 F. Since the force F is applied by the cross-head I4 of the machine to the levers the horns i8 can only resist an'equal force F. It is apparent that lby varying the lever arms and designing the back stop properly,

vcation can be obtained without in any way stressing the machine frame or cross-head which any desired power multiplineed absorb only the power for which the machine was originally designed.

Asclearly shown in the various gures and particularly in Fig. 2,' the mechanism has been shown in the vposition which it' assumes when the cross-head is atitsgfull forward or pressure stroke and in which position the'material M, indicated by dotted outlines in the'figures, hasbeen brokenfand moved 'to the 'position 'M' (Fig- 5). It will be seen that upon retraction of the crosshead, that is, during movement of the crosshead toward the'left hand side of Fig. 2, the short connecting links 56 and `connecting arms 50 and lll away'from the back stop and rotatethe same on trunnions 28 and 30 respectively. Such rotation of the levers will move thenose 82 away from the pressure applying tool. Movement of the nose of the levers away from the pressure applying tool -will l permit springs 46 to retract the tool until such time as it will strike-the remaining portion of the upper and lowerilanges of the back stop, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. With the breaking tool retracted, the material M may be easily fed into the Ymachine by moving 'along the supporting rollers totheir proper position. Swinging 'of the levers 5U and 'Ill during movement'f 'the crossheadaway from the back stopis easily-accommodated due'to the pivotal connection of the Alevers to the cross-head by connecting links 56 and 'I4 which Will'assume an angular position.

'Application of driving power tothe cross-head after the material is in position, will cause the cross-head to move toward the position shown in Fig.'2 applying tremendous pressure to the breaking tool, with the result that the materia] is ruptured.

It will be readily seen that by the use of the apparatus just described the capacity of 'existing machines` may be readily increased without any danger of over-stressing Ithe machine. In this way, under emergency conditions, where it is impossible to obtain'new, heavy machinery, existingmachinery'may be readily converted for heavy duty purpose without'in'any way endangering the machine. While the apparatus'has been described more or less in 'detail' with rference to one specic form thereof, it willbe apparent' to persons skilled in the artof pressing and breaking metal that various'modications and rearrangements of partsmay be made but all such modifications and rearrangements. of parts are contemplated as will'fall within the scope'of the appended'claims' d'ningmy invention.

"What is claimed is:

1. As an article ofmanufa'cture for machines of the character described, a combined back stop and power multiplier comprising-a channel form back stop adapted yto be secured to the machine and receive material between'y the flanges,levers fulcrumed at one'end on thejback stop by pins passing through the backstopfilanges, means adapted to connect the'other end of'said levers to the machine crosshead adjacent the side of the machine opposite the pin ulcruming the respective lever on the back stop, and a pressure applying tool carried by the back stop flanges and movable by an intermediate portion of said levers toward the web of the channel form back stop. v

2. As an article of manufacture for machines of the character described, a combined back stop and power multiplier comprising, a channel form back stop adapted to be secured to the machine and receive material between the ilanges thereof, pins extending through the anges of the channel form back stop in spaced relation to the web thereof, crossed levers movable between said flanges and being fulcrumed at one end on said pins, link means adapted to connect the other end of said levers to the machine crosshead for movement thereby, and a pressure applying tool carried by the back stop ilanges, said pressure applying tool being engageable by intermediate portions of said crossed levers and movable thereby toward the web of the back stop.

3. As an article of manufacture for machines of the character described, a combined back stop and power multiplier comprising, a channel form back stop adapted to be secured to the machine and receive material between the iianges thereof, pins extending through the flanges of the channel form back stop in spaced relation to the web thereof, crossed levers movable between said flanges and being fulcrumed at one end on said pins, link means adapted to connect the other end of said levers to the machine crosshead for movement thereby, a pressure applying tool carried by the back stop flanges, said pressure applying tool being engageable by intermediate portions of said crossed levers and movable thereby toward the web of the back stop, and resilient means connecting said pressure applying tool and back stop flanges for constantly urging said tool away from the web of the back stop and toward the intermediate portions of said crossed levers.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, a machine frame, a back stop secured to the frame and providing supports for material to be broken, a crosshead movable toward and away from said back stop, crossed levers iulcrumed on said back stop and pivotally connected to said crosshead and movable therewith, and a breaking tool engageable by an intermediate portion of said crossed levers and movable in unison with said levers in at least one direction to apply breaking pressure on said material, said breaking tool being free of connection to said levers but being held in contact therewith by resilient means carried by the back stop.

5. In a machine for breaking billets or other materials the combination of a rigid machine frame, a crosshead movable relative to said rigid machine frame, said frame being capable of ab sorbing and said crosshead of delivering pressures up to a predetermined maximum without permanent deformation or rupture, and means interposed between said frame and crosshead and providing a support for billets or other materials to be broken and of developing pressures in excess of said predetermined maximum and suicient to break the billets or other material without exceeding the predetermined maximum which the machine frame and crosshead can safely absorb, said means including a pair of levers pivoted on said support adjacent one side of the machine and pivotally connected to said crosshead adjacent the opposite side of the machine, a third lever interposed between the levers forming said pair and pivoted on said support adjacent said opposite side of the machine and pivotally connected tol said cross head adjacent said one side of the machine, and a pressure applying tool engageable by an intermediate portion of each of said levers and movable thereby toward the support to break the billets or other material.

6. In a machine for breaking billets or other materials the'eombination of a rigid machine frame, a crosshead movable relative to said rigid machine frame, said frame being capable of absorbing and said crosshead of delivering pressures up to a predetermined maximum without permanent deformation or rupture, and means interposed between said frame and crosshead and providing a support for billets or other materials to be broken and of developing pressures in excess of said predetermined maximum and sufcient to break the billets or other material without exceeding the predetermined maximum which the machine frame and crosshead can safely absorb, said means including a first lever pivoted on said support adjacent one side of the machine and pivotally connected to said crosshead adjacent the opposite side of the machine, a second lever pivoted on said support adjacent said opposite side of the machine and pivotally connected to said crosshead adjacent said one side of the machine, and a pressure applying tool engageable by an intermediate portion of said rst and second levers and movable thereby to break the billets or other material.

7. In a machine for breaking billets or other materials the combination of a rigid machine frame, a crosshead movable relative to said rigid machine frame, said frame being capable of absorbing and said crosshead of delivering pressures up to a predetermined maximum without permanent deformation or rupture, and means interposed between said frame and crosshead and providing a support for billets or other materials to be broken and of developing pressures in excess of said predetermined maximum and suicient to break the billets or other material without exceeding the predetermined maximum which the machine frame and crosshead can safely absorb, said means including a pair of levers pivoted on said support adjacent one side of the machine and pivotally connected to said crosshead adjacent the opposite side of the machine, a third lever interposed between the levers forming said pair and pivoted on said support adjacent said opposite side of the machine and pivotally connected to said crosshead adjacent said one side of the machine, and a pressure applying tool engageable by an intermediate portion of each of said levers and movable thereby toward the support to break the billets or other material, said pressure applying tool being free of connection to said levers but urged into contact therewith by resilient means connecting said tool and suppor EMIL C. STOLBERG. 

